As lung volume decreases, pressure increases, forcing air out of the lungs. These components work to facilitate the principle that as the lung expands, the air pressure in the alveoli drops, causing air to move into the lungs. The overarching mechanism of breathing to ventilate alveoli breaks down into four aspects: lung compliance, chest wall compliance, airway resistance, and rate of ventilation.
It is at the surface of alveoli where diffusion from air into pulmonary arterioles occurs. There are approximately 300 million alveoli in healthy lungs. Each lobe is made up of small sacks of air called alveoli. The lungs are further divided into five separate lobes, two on the left and three on the right. This process is facilitated by the respiratory tract organs, which include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
We breathe in oxygen, which diffuses into the blood for systemic circulation and ultimately produces ATP for use as energy on a cellular level, and we breathe out Carbon dioxide along with other metabolic byproducts from the body. The pulmonary system exists on the most basic level to facilitate gas exchange from environmental air into the circulatory system.
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